Biology 3.3 Dna Structure

3. 3 & 7. 1 DNA Structure Worksheet 1. Draw and label the structure of a simplified single nucleotide, including sugar, phosphate and pedestal. 2. polish off the table below to show the pairings of the bases in DNA Purine Pyrimidine Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine 3. Where would cardinal find the base uracil? RNA, it replaces thymine 4. In the space below, draw a single border of three nucleotides, naming the bonds between them and screening the correct relative position of these bonds. The sequence of these bases makes up the hereditary code. The red linesrepresent covalent bonds.They are read in groups of three called triplets. These triplets arethen used to send instructions in the cell to switch genes on and off. 5. Define the term double helix. The term double helix is ii bases of DNA that twist around each other. Anti-Parallel 6. In the space below, draw a section of DNA, showing two anti-parallel strands of three nucleotides. Label the bonds which hold the bases toget her as well as the correct complementary color base pairs. Also include the 3 and 5 linkages (and ends), and the distinction between purines and pyramidines. . Explain the relevance of the side by side(p) in the double-helix structure of DNA a. Complementary base pairing Complementary base pairing is when G only bonds with C and T only bonds with A and these are found on each strand of the double helix b. Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds between the bases hold together the strands of DNA c. Relative stead of the sugar-phosphate backbone and the bases The relative positioning of the sugar-phosphate backbone are on the outside and the bases are on the inside(a) of the double helix 8.In the space below, draw the structure of a simplified nucleosome, including the H1 linker and histone proteins. 9. Nucleosomes allow the DNA to be supercoiled. a. What is the approximate length of the DNA strand in one chromosome? The length is (length of 1 bp) (number of bp per cell) which is 2 meters. b. During which material body of the cell cycle is DNA most likely to be supercoiled? Prophase c. Outline how nucleosomes help regulate transcription. 10. let out between unique or single-copy genes and highly repetitive sequences Single-copy genes Highly-repetitive sequences . 5% of genome makes polypeptides. Each codon (mRNA) (3 bases) codes for one amino acid. 3% codes for on/off gene switches. Within each eukaryotic genes there areExons (coding regions)Introns (non-coding regions which are edited out) every(prenominal) gene has a switch, for example a skin cell will turn off spare genes so it does not perform the wrong activity (e. g. producing blood) Makes up about 5% 45% of the genome. one time called junk DNAAlso known as satellite DNA, each repeated sequence can be 5-300 base pairsHRSs are used in genetic fingerprinting.This is because they accumulate mutations rapidly Not all of the base sequences in DNA are translated. Highly repetitive base sequences are not transla ted. They consist of sequences of between 5 and 300 bases that may be repeated up to 10 000 times. They constitute 5-45% of eukaryotic DNA. Single-copy genes or unique genes are translated and constitute a surprisingly small proportion of eukaryotic DNA. 11. Distinguish between introns and exons in eukaryotic genes. Exons (coding regions) Introns (non-coding regions which are edited out)